Chapter 4: Fact Checking & Misinformation
4.8 Putting SIFT into practice
This section walks you through the process of evaluating a source online.
In 2019, the status of koala extinction was discussed on social media following a spread of wildfires in Australia, with hundreds of individuals tweeting about this topic.
After seeing others share that the koala’s situation is dire, David Beard tweeted out an article that asserts that koalas are not functionally extinct. Kathy Gill responded on Twitter with another article about the same topic, asserting that koalas are becoming functionally extinct. So, who should we believe?
First of all, we should start by checking our emotions. Why is this contentious? Because koalas are cute and they may be functionally extinct and that’s sad. It might feel like David is claiming we shouldn’t care about koalas. After all, he is asserting that we shouldn’t “buy into the hype.” Is this the case, though? There is a lot here that we should stop and think about before jumping to conclusions.
Next, let’s investigate who shared this information. Who is David Beard? David Beard’s bio on Twitter tells us that he used to work for the Washington Post and the Associated Press. After consulting the Washington Post’s website, we can see that this is true. So David works with news organizations, but he may or may not be a koala expert. Kathy is also not a koala expert, and instead she is a journalist and professor focusing on user experience. From their backgrounds, it seems that the individuals here are both fairly credible sources, but they aren’t the authors of these articles, just the people who shared them.
What about their sources? David shared a link to a National Geographic article. According to Wikipedia, National Geographic is a magazine that shares “articles about science, geography, history, and world culture.” The article titled “No, Koalas are Not Functionally Extinct – Yet” cites scholars in wildlife conservation and environmental change biology at the University of Queensland Australia (Christine Adams-Hosking) and the University of Tasmania (Chris Johnson), experts who are likely closely examining this issue as it evolves. It also cites studies about the koala population from 2012 and 2016.[1]
To argue that koalas are becoming functionally extinct, Kathy shared a link to an article from Newsround. According to Wikipedia, Newsround is “one of the world’s first television news magazines aimed specifically at children.” This does not mean that Newsround is a low-quality resource, only that it might be simplifying the news to better explain it to children. We can see this within the article proper. The article states that koala numbers are in decline and may be headed toward functional extinction. In fact, despite the way Kathy presented the article in her tweet, her article appears to actually support David’s point.
Evaluation breakdown
Here is a breakdown of what we’ve found:
- Both David and Kathy have some credibility and experience with journalism.
- The sources that the two shared are both credible but not equally authoritative.
- The National Geographic article has a greater breadth of information about koalas than Newsround.
- National Geographic also provides a good base of scholarship to support its claims.
- Newsround’s article, on the other hand, includes no citations to back up its claims.
- Therefore, the National Geographic article is a better source of information about this topic.
Note: Even though the title of the National Geographic article seems to imply koalas are in less danger, the article’s content does not actually assert that koalas are perfectly safe. It concludes with: “If we want koalas, we’ve got to look after them. We need to step up.”[2]
- Daly, N. (November 25, 2019). No, koalas are not functionally extinct - yet. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/koalas-near-extinction-myth-australia-fires ↵
- ibid. ↵