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Answer Key / Manually Labeled

Citations

American Veterinary Medical Association. 2010. ”Table 1204: Household Pet Ownership: 2006.” Statistical Abstract of the United States, 129th ed. http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/tables/10s1204.pdf (Data sets)

Clues that this source is a data set include 1.) that it is a “Table” (a common form for data) and 2.) that it is published as Statistical… (another very common format for data)

Baker, A. 2014. “Common Core Curriculum Now Has Critics on the Left.” The New York Times, February 16. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/17/nyregion/new-york-early-champion-of-common-core-standards-joins-critics.html (News articles)

The clue that this source is a news article is the publisher, the New York Times newspaper. If you do not know the names of newspapers, it can be difficult to tell the difference between citations for news sources and blogs, which also might include daily dates like “February 17, 2014”, so it helps with research to familiarize yourself with national news sources and blogs.

Briones, E., Gómez-Linares, A., & Palomera, R. 2015. “Online Dialogue between Students from Different Universities.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Developments 2015, 194-198. (Conference proceedings)

The clue that this source is from a set of conference proceedings is in the title: “Proceedings of the International Conference…“

Carlson, D. 2014. “Accountability: A Story of Opportunities and Challenges.” In Common Core Meets Education Reform: What It All Means for Politics, Policy, and the Future of Schooling, edited by F. M. Hess and M. Q. McShane, 118–139. New York, NY: Teachers College Press. (Books and Chapters in books)

The clue that this source is a book chapter is the format of the citation — it’s formatted like a book citation, showing the book title in italics and the name and location of the publisher: “New York, NY: Teachers College Press”.
(If it were a journal article, the journal citation format would show the journal title in italics and the relevant volume and issue number, with no place location info.)

Colbert, F. C., A. d’Astous, and M.-A. Parmentier. 2005. “Consumer Perception of Private Versus Public Sponsorship of the Arts.” International Journal of Arts Management 8 (1):48–60. (Academic journal articles)

The clue that this source is a journal article is the format of the citation — it’s formatted like a journal citation, showing the name of the journal title in italics alongside the relevant volume and issue number and page numbers: “8 (1) 48-60”.
(If it were a book chapter, the book citation format would show the book title in italics and the name and location of the publisher, with no volume/issue info.)

Common Core State Standards Initiative. n.d. “Standards in Your State.” http://www.corestandards.org/standards-in-your-state/ (White papers and Research reports)

This one is tricky, because it’s a report on some standards, not a publication of the standards themselves. The clue that this is a white paper or research report is not revealed by the citation alone, and it is a good reminder that researchers must often engage directly with their sources by opening and reading them in order to use them appropriately. When we read this report, we can see that it is not as quick or conversational as a blog post.

Internal Revenue Service. 2016. “Exempt Purposes – Internal Revenue Code Section 501 (c)(3).” https://www.irs.gov/charities-&-non-profits/charitable-organizations/exempt-purposes-internal-revenue-code-section-501c3. (Standards)

Clues that this source is a standard include 1.) the title calls it a “code”, which is a common type of standard and 2.) that it is published by a government organization (IRS).

Jung, Y. 2015. “Diversity Matters: Theoretical Understanding of and Suggestions for the Current Fundraising Practices of Nonprofit Art Museums.” The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society 45 (4):255–268. doi:10.1080/10632921.2015.1103672 (Academic journal articles)

The clue that this source is a journal article is the format of the citation — it’s formatted like a journal citation, showing the name of the journal title in italics alongside the relevant volume and issue number and page numbers: “45 (4): 255-268”.
(If it were a book chapter, the book citation format would show the book title in italics and the name and location of the publisher, with no volume/issue info.)

Kroe, E. 2002. “Data File (Public-Use): Public Libraries Survey, Fiscal Year 1994 (NCES 2003–304).” Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (Data sets)

The clue that this source is a data set is in the title: “Data File”. It’s also about a “Survey” (a common form for data) and published by a Statistics center (another very common format for data).

National Coalition for Core Arts Standards. 2014. National Core Arts Standards: A Conceptual Framework for Arts Learning. http://www.nationalartsstandards.org/sites/default/files/NCCAS%20%20Conceptual%20Framework_4.pdf (Standards)

Clues that this source is a standard include 1.) the title calls it as such — “National Core Arts Standards …” Compared to the citation above from the Common Core Standards Initiative, which is a report on the standards, this publication presents the standard itself.

Petraits, E. 2017. “Teaching With the Framework Within Art and Architecture Librarianship.” Proceedings of the 45th Annual Conference of Art Libraries Society of North America. https://www.arlisna.org/images/conferences/2017/proceedings/s02_p05_Petraits.pdf (Conference proceedings)

The clue that this sources is from a set of conference proceedings is in the title: “Proceedings of the … Conference“.

Poulin, J. 2014. “What You Need to Know about the New National Core Arts Standards.” http://blog.americansforthearts.org/2014/06/04/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-new-national-core-arts-standards (Blog posts)

The clue that this source is a blog post is in the url: “blog.americansforthearts.org…”.

Ravitch, D. 2010. “Obama’s Race to the Top Will Not Improve Education.” Huffington Post, August 1. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/diane-ravitch/obamas-race-to-the-top-wi_b_666598.html (Blog posts)

The clue that this source is a blog post is the publisher, the Huffington Post blog. If you do not know the names of national blogs, it can be difficult to tell the difference between citations for blogs and newspaper sources, which also might include daily dates like “August 1, 2010”, so it helps with research to familiarize yourself with national news sources and blogs.

Rotzer, C. 2013. “Teaching Shakespeare and Educational Policy.” PhD diss., University of Michigan. (Dissertations)

The clue that this sources is a dissertation is not really a clue, because dissertations are directly identified as such in their citations, with the abbreviation “PhD diss.” 🙂

Strauss, V. 2013. “Philadelphia Passes ‘Doomsday’ School Budget.” The Washington Post, June 1. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/06/01/philadelphia-passes-doomsday-school-budget/ (News articles)

The clue that this source is a news article is the publisher, the Washington Post newspaper. If you do not know the names of newspapers, it can be difficult to tell the difference between citations for news sources and blogs, which also might include daily dates like “June 1, 2013”, so it helps with research to familiarize yourself with national news sources and blogs.

Stubbs, R. 2014. “Public Funding for the Arts: 2014 Update.” GIA Reader 25 (3):8–10. http://www.giarts.org/article/public-funding-arts-2014-update (White papers and Research reports)

Clues that this source is a research report include 1.) the title calls it an “Update”, which is a common type of report. The format of the citation looks very much like an academic journal article, however, so like the report on the Common Core initiative above, white papers and research reports continue to remind us that it is researchers’ responsibility to engage directly with their sources by opening and reading them.

Suveges, L. 2010. “Out-of-School Time Arts Programming: A Critical Race Theory Approach.” PhD diss., University of Oregon. (Dissertations)

The clue that this sources is a dissertation is not really a clue, because dissertations are directly identified as such in their citations, with the abbreviation “PhD diss.” 🙂

Varian, H. R. 2010. Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach, 8th ed. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. (Books and Chapters in books)

The clue that this source is a book is the format of the citation — it’s formatted like a book citation, showing the book title in italics and the name alongside the location of the publisher: “New York, NY: W. W. Norton and Company”.
(This is one of the simplest formats for a citation, given primacy in the Chicago Manual of Style, because book-length works by a single author [“monographs”] have been one of the longest-running and traditionally most-prized formats for academic publishing.)

 

 

Answer Key / Sorted by category

Books and Chapters in books (first is a chapter in a book, second is a citation for the whole book)

• Carlson, D. 2014. “Accountability: A Story of Opportunities and Challenges.” In Common Core Meets Education Reform: What It All Means for Politics, Policy, and the Future of Schooling, edited by F. M. Hess and M. Q. McShane, 118–139. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
• Varian, H. R. 2010. Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach, 8th ed. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.

Academic journal articles (two totally standard academic articles in each of the field’s two prominent journals)

• Colbert, F. C., A. d’Astous, and M.-A. Parmentier. 2005. “Consumer Perception of Private Versus Public Sponsorship of the Arts.” International Journal of Arts Management 8 (1):48–60. 
• Jung, Y. 2015. “Diversity Matters: Theoretical Understanding of and Suggestions for the Current Fundraising Practices of Nonprofit Art Museums.” The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society 45 (4):255–268. doi:10.1080/10632921.2015.1103672

Blog posts (unless they use the word blog (which they often do!) these can be difficult to distinguish from online journal articles and sometimes require investigating the publisher to understand its aims–if you did not know it, how would you recognize HuffPost as a popular source instead of an online academic journal?)

• Poulin, J. 2014. “What You Need to Know about the New National Core Arts Standards.” http://blog.americansforthearts.org/2014/06/04/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-new-national-core-arts-standards
• Ravitch, D. 2010. “Obama’s Race to the Top Will Not Improve Education.” Huffington Post, August 1. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/diane-ravitch/obamas-race-to-the-top-wi_b_666598.html

White papers and Research reports (these are sometimes difficult to distinguish from articles or blog posts–often they are comments on newly completed research, by the researchers or organization who carried out the research. Sometimes you need to open the link and take a look at the publication itself to understand it is not an article in a separate journal or blog, but indeed a research report/white paper written by the researchers themselves)

• Common Core State Standards Initiative. n.d. “Standards in Your State.” http://www.corestandards.org/standards-in-your-state/ 
• Stubbs, R. 2014. “Public Funding for the Arts: 2014 Update.” GIA Reader 25 (3):8–10. http://www.giarts.org/article/public-funding-arts-2014-update

Standards such as professional, governmental, or other universal standards (these often include the words “standards” or “codes” and “.gov” and so are somewhat easy to recognize)

• Internal Revenue Service. 2016. “Exempt Purposes – Internal Revenue Code Section 501 (c)(3).” https://www.irs.gov/charities-&-non-profits/charitable-organizations/exempt-purposes-internal-revenue-code-section-501c3.
• National Coalition for Core Arts Standards. 2014. National Core Arts Standards: A Conceptual Framework for Arts Learning. http://www.nationalartsstandards.org/sites/default/files/NCCAS%20%20Conceptual%20Framework_4.pdf

Data sets (can be difficult to recognize or distinguish from government publications, but the key here is that the publication is data points (often statistics or survey results), not commentary or explanation. Different researchers can use and re-use these same published data sets in many different ways and settings and purposes in their own research.)

• Kroe, E. 2002. “Data File (Public-Use): Public Libraries Survey, Fiscal Year 1994 (NCES 2003–304).” Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.
• American Veterinary Medical Association. 2010. ”Table 1204: Household Pet Ownership: 2006.” Statistical Abstract of the United States, 129th ed. http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/tables/10s1204.pdf

Dissertations (these are usually easy to recognize because the Chicago citation style identifies them as such! “PhD diss.” If you cite a thesis or dissertation, make sure to label it as such so it does not look like a book published by a university press or any other type of document)

• Rotzer, C. 2013. “Teaching Shakespeare and Educational Policy.” PhD diss., University of Michigan.
• Suveges, L. 2010. “Out-of-School Time Arts Programming: A Critical Race Theory Approach.” PhD diss., University of Oregon.

Conference proceedings (usually identified as such–like with dissertations, if you cite conference proceedings, make sure to identify them as “Proceedings of the…” and list the conference)

• Briones, E., Gómez-Linares, A., & Palomera, R. 2015. “Online Dialogue between Students from Different Universities.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Developments 2015, 194-198.
• Petraits, E. 2017. “Teaching With the Framework Within Art and Architecture Librarianship.” Proceedings of the 45th Annual Conference of Art Libraries Society of North America. https://www.arlisna.org/images/conferences/2017/proceedings/s02_p05_Petraits.pdf

News articles (pretty self-explanatory; newspaper names and daily dates are the key here, although a passing familiarity with the names of local newspapers in the region of your research, as well as the names of big national and international newspapers, helps)

• Baker, A. 2014. “Common Core Curriculum Now Has Critics on the Left.” The New York Times, February 16. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/17/nyregion/new-york-early-champion-of-common-core-standards-joins-critics.html
• Strauss, V. 2013. “Philadelphia Passes ‘Doomsday’ School Budget.” The Washington Post, June 1. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/06/01/philadelphia-passes-doomsday-school-budget/